【074】词根词缀专栏[51-100]@柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典（第8版）

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2017-02-25

作者：GoldenDict
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• 词根 = root = word root
  
• 词缀 = affix = 前缀（prefix） + 后缀（suffix）
  

柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典（第8版）

root
► The root of a word is the part that contains its meaning and to which other parts can be added. 词根【TECHNICAL 术语】
» The word ‘secretary’ comes from the same Latin root as the word ‘secret’. 单词 secretary 和 secret 有同样的拉丁词根。
affix
► An affix is a letter or group of letters, for example ‘un-‘ or ‘-y’, which is added to either the beginning or the end of a word to form a different word with a different meaning. For example, ‘un-‘ is added to ‘kind’ to form ‘unkind’. 词缀
prefix
► A prefix is a letter or group of letters, for example ‘un-‘ or ‘multi-‘, which is added to the beginning of a word in order to form a different word. For example, the prefix ‘un-‘ is added to ‘happy’ to form ‘unhappy’. 前缀
suffix
► A suffix is a letter or group of letters, for example ‘-ly’ or ‘-ness’, which is added to the end of a word in order to form a different word, often of a different word class. For example, the suffix ‘-ly’ is added to ‘quick’ to form ‘quickly’. 后缀;词尾

搜索各大英语词典，发现几乎没有词典收录 word root 这个词头 ，倒是有收录 root word 的。

Collins English Dictionary + 新世纪英汉大词典

root word (ruːt wɜːd)
noun
linguistics【语言】
► the form of a word after all affixes are removed 词根

WordNet

root word
► the form of a word after all affixes are removed

奇怪的是，Collins English Dictionary 的 root word 定义和 WordNet 一模一样，我倾向于 CED 借鉴了 WordNet ，因为 CED 2006 年版本都还没收录 root word 条，而当时 WordNet 早就有了。

接下来是第 51 - 100 个词根词缀专栏@柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典（第8版），有朋友评论说这 @ 用得不对，应该用 in ，╮(╯-╰)╭ 确实，不过 @ 作为一个符号，视觉效果更好。

Oxford Chinese Dictionary

in
(within enclosed space) 在…里 (within flat space) 在…上 (within sth. abstract) 在…中
• in the dictionary/newspaper/film　在词典里/报纸上/电影中

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• aqu ≈ water  水: aquarium, aqueduct, aquifer
• arium, orium ≈ place for  用于…之处: aquarium, auditorium, crematorium
• cracy ≈ rule by  由…统治: aristocracy, democracy, meritocracy
• crat ≈ power  权力: aristocrat, bureaucrat, democrat
• ful ≈ quantity that fills  充满…的量: armful, brimful, cupful
• cle ≈ small  小: article, cubicle, particle
• fact, fic ≈ making  制作: artifact, artificial, factor
• scend ≈ climbing  攀登: ascend, condescend, descend
• cert ≈ determined 坚定,  true  真实: ascertain, certificate, certify
• spir ≈ breath  呼吸: aspire, inspire, respiration
• simil ≈ similar  类似: assimilate, facsimile, simile
• soci ≈ companion  同伴: associate, social, sociology
• sume ≈ taking  取: assume, consume, presume
• sumpt ≈ taking  取: assumption, consumption, presumption
• aster, astro ≈ star  星: asterisk, astronaut, astronomy
• er, or ≈ one who does 行…事者,  that which does  做…事之物: astronomer, author, writer
• the, theo ≈ god  神: atheist, pantheism, theocracy
• sphere ≈ ball  球: atmosphere, hemisphere, spherical
• tempt ≈ trying  试: attempt, temptation, tempted
• tribute ≈ giving  给予: attribute, contribute, distribute
• eer ≈ one who does  行…事者: auctioneer, mountaineer, volunteer
• ible ≈ able to be  能…的；可…的: audible, flexible, possible
• audi ≈ hearing  听: audience, audition, auditorium
• vid, vis ≈ seeing  视；看见: audio-visual, videotape, visible
• graph ≈ writing  写作: autograph, biography, graph
• auto ≈ self  自己: automatic, automobile, autonomy
• mobil ≈ moving  移动: automobile, mobile, mobilize
• mot ≈ moving  移动: automotive, motivate, promote
• able ≈ able to be  能…的；可…的: avoidable, incurable, portable
• wak ≈ being awake  醒: awake, wake, wakeful
• ness ≈ state 状态,  condition  情况: awareness, consciousness, kindness
• war ≈ watchful  注意的: aware, beware, forewarn
• some ≈ causing  引起…的: awesome, bothersome, troublesome
• ground ≈ bottom  底: background, groundbreaking, groundwork
• ward ≈ in the direction of  朝（或在）…方向: backward, forward, inward
• ery ≈ place where something happens  …发生处: bakery, cannery, eatery
• ball ≈ dancing  舞蹈: ballerina, ballet, ballgown
• base ≈ bottom  底: base, baseboard, basement
• less ≈ without  无: baseless, bottomless, boundless
• ful ≈ filled with  充满…的: beautiful, careful, dreadful
• stead ≈ place 地方,  stand  架子: bedstead, homestead, instead
• mark ≈ boundary 界限,  sign  标志: benchmark, birthmark, bookmark
• vol ≈ will  意愿: benevolent, involuntary, volition
• bi ≈ two  二；两: biannual, biceps, bicycle
• cycl ≈ circle  圆: bicycle, cycle, cyclical
• enn ≈ year  年: biennial, centennial, millennium
• lingu ≈ language  语言: bilingual, linguist, multilingual
• bio ≈ life  生命；生物: biodegradable, biography, biology
• ist ≈ one who practices  从事…者: biologist, conformist, pharmacist
• smith ≈ skilled worker  铁匠: blacksmith, goldsmith, silversmith